I ka makahiki 1747, ua hana ka ʻenekinia Farani ʻo François Freneau i ka ʻaʻahu ua mua loa o ka honua. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka latex i loaʻa mai ka lāʻau laholio, a hoʻokomo i nā kāmaʻa lole a me nā ʻaʻahu i loko o kēia hopena latex no ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka uhi ʻana, a laila hiki iā ia ke hoʻokani i kahi hana pale wai.
Ma kahi hale hana laholio ma Scotland, ʻEnelani, aia kekahi limahana i kapa ʻia ʻo Mackintosh. I kekahi lā i ka makahiki 1823, e hana ana ʻo Mackintosh a ua kulu hewa ka wai laholio ma luna o kona mau lole. Ma hope o kona ʻike ʻana, ua holo wikiwiki ʻo ia e holoi me kona mau lima, ka mea i ʻike ua komo ka wai laholio i loko o nā lole, ʻaʻole wale ia i holoi ʻia, akā ua uhi ʻia i loko o kahi ʻāpana. Eia naʻe, he limahana ʻilihune ʻo Mackintosh, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻolei i nā lole, no laila e ʻaʻahu mau iā ia i ka hana.
Ma hope koke iho, ua ʻike ʻo Mackintosh: nā lole i uhi ʻia me ka rapa i nā wahi, me he mea lā i uhi ʻia me kahi papa o ke kāpili wai ʻole, ʻoiai ke ʻano he ʻino, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia e ka wai. Loaʻa iā ia kahi manaʻo, no laila ua uhi ʻia ka ʻāpana lole holoʻokoʻa me ka rapa, ʻo ka hopena i hana ʻia me nā lole pale ua. Me kēia ʻano lole hou, ʻaʻole hopohopo hou ʻo Mackintosh no ka ua. Ua pālahalaha koke kēia mea hou, a ua ʻike nā hoa hana ma ka hale hana ua hahai lākou i ke ʻano hoʻohālike a Mackintosh a hana i kahi ʻaʻahu ua rapa wai ʻole. Ma hope mai, ua huki ka kaulana o ka ʻaʻahu ua rapa i ka manaʻo o ka mea hao hao Pelekane ʻo Parks, nāna i aʻo pū i kēia lole kūikawā me ka hoihoi nui. Ua manaʻo ʻo Parks, ʻoiai ua uhi ʻia me nā lole rapa i pale ʻole i ka wai, akā paʻakikī a palupalu, ʻaʻole nani ke komo ʻana i ke kino, ʻaʻole hoʻi he ʻoluʻolu. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Parks e hana i kekahi mau hoʻomaikaʻi i kēia ʻano lole. Me ka manaʻo ʻole, ua lawe kēia hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana ma mua o ʻumi mau makahiki o ka hana. I ka makahiki 1884, ua hana ʻo Parks i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kalapona disulfide ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe e hoʻoheheʻe i ka rapa, ka hana ʻana i ka ʻenehana pale wai, a noi no kahi palapala Sila Nui. I mea e hiki ai ke hoʻopili koke ʻia kēia mea i hana ʻia i ka hana ʻana, i mea kūʻai aku, ua kūʻai aku ʻo Parks i ka palapala Sila Nui i kekahi kanaka i kapa ʻia ʻo Charles. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana nui ʻana, ua lilo koke ka inoa ʻoihana ʻo "Charles Raincoat Company" i mea kaulana a puni ka honua. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i poina ka poʻe i ka hōʻaiʻē o Mackintosh, ua kapa nā kānaka a pau i ka ʻaʻahu ua ʻo "mackintosh". A hiki i kēia lā, ua kapa ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "raincoat" ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania ʻo "mackintosh".
Ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ke kenekulia 20, ua puka mai ka palakiko a me nā ʻano lole pale wai like ʻole, i lilo ai ke ʻano a me ke kala o nā ʻaʻahu ua i mea waiwai nui. Ua puka mai kahi ʻaʻahu ua pale wai ʻole ma ka mākeke, a hōʻike pū kēia ʻaʻahu ua i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻenehana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-04-2022