Ke kumu o ke kapa ua

I ka makahiki 1747, ua hana ka ʻenekini Farani ʻo François Freneau i ka lole ua mua o ka honua.Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka latex i loaʻa mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a hoʻokomo i loko o nā kāmaʻa lole a me nā ʻaʻahu i loko o kēia hopena latex no ke kuʻi ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka uhi ʻana, a laila hiki iā ia ke pāʻani i kahi hana wai.

I loko o kahi hale paʻahana ma Scotland, ʻEnelani, aia kekahi mea hana ʻo Mackintosh kona inoa.I kekahi lā i ka makahiki 1823, e hana ana ʻo Mackintosh a ua kulu ʻino i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ma luna o kona ʻaʻahu.Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana, holo wikiwiki ʻo ia e holoi me kona mau lima, ʻo wai ka mea i ʻike me he mea lā ua komo ka ʻili i loko o nā lole, ʻaʻole wale i holoi ʻia, akā ua uhi ʻia i kahi ʻāpana.Eia naʻe, he kanaka hana ʻilihune ʻo Mackintosh, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻolei aku i nā lole, no laila e ʻaʻahu mau i ka hana.

ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, loaʻa ʻo Mackintosh: nā lole i uhi ʻia me nā wahi ʻōpala, me he mea lā i uhi ʻia me kahi ʻāpana o ke kolu wai ʻole, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka ʻino, akā ʻaʻohe impervious i ka wai.Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi manaʻo, no laila ua uhi ʻia ka ʻāpana lole holoʻokoʻa me ka ʻōpala, ʻo ka hopena i hana ʻia i nā lole pale ua.Me kēia ʻano lole hou, ʻaʻole hopohopo hou ʻo Mackintosh i ka ua.Ua laha koke kēia mea hou, a ua ʻike nā hoa hana o ka hale hana ua hahai lākou i ka laʻana o Mackintosh a ua hana lākou i kahi ʻaʻahu ua.Ma hope mai, ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka kaulana o ka ʻaʻahu ua ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka manaʻo o ka British metallurgist Parks, nāna i aʻo i kēia lole kūikawā me ka hoihoi nui.Ua manaʻo ʻo Parks, ʻoiai ua uhi ʻia me ka ʻaʻahu ʻaʻahu ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia i ka wai, akā paʻakikī a palupalu, ʻaʻole nani a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi ke komo ʻana i ke kino.Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Parks e hoʻomaikaʻi i kēia ʻano lole.Me ka manaʻo ʻole, ua ʻoi aku kēia hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana ma mua o ʻumi makahiki o ka hana.Ma ka makahiki 1884, ua hana ʻo Parks i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka carbon disulfide ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe e hoʻoheheʻe i ka lāʻau, ka hana ʻana i ka ʻenehana wai, a noi ʻia no kahi patent.I mea e hiki ai ke hoʻohana koke i kēia mea hou i ka hana ʻana, i mea kūʻai, kūʻai aku ʻo Parks i ka patent i kahi kanaka i kapa ʻia ʻo Charles.Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka hana nui, ua kaulana ka inoa ʻoihana ʻo "Charles Raincoat Company" a puni ka honua.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i poina ka poʻe i ka hōʻaiʻē o Mackintosh, ua kapa ʻia nā mea a pau i ka raincoat "mackintosh".A hiki i kēia lā, ua kapa ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "raincoat" ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekane ʻo "mackintosh" .

Ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ke kenekulia 20, ʻo ka puka ʻana mai o ka plastic a me nā ʻano lole wai ʻole, i mea e waiwai nui ai ke ʻano a me ke kala o nā kapa ua.Ua ʻike ʻia kahi pālule wai ʻole ma ka mākeke, a ke hōʻike nei kēia ʻaʻahu i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻenehana.