Mea PVC

ʻO Polyvinyl chloride (ʻokoʻa: poly(vinyl chloride), colloquial: polyvinyl, a i ʻole vinyl wale nō; pōkole: PVC) ʻo ia ke kolu o ka polymer synthetic plastic i hana nui ʻia ma ka honua (ma hope o ka polyethylene a me ka polypropylene). Ma kahi o 40 miliona tons o PVC i hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

Loaʻa ka PVC i ʻelua ʻano maʻamau: paʻa (i kekahi manawa i hoʻopōkole ʻia e like me RPVC) a me ka palupalu. Hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano paʻa o ka PVC i ke kūkulu ʻana no ka paipu a me nā noi profile e like me nā puka a me nā puka makani. Hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōmole plastik, nā ʻōpala ʻaʻole meaʻai, nā pepa uhi meaʻai a me nā kāleka plastik (e like me nā kāleka panakō a i ʻole nā ​​​​kāleka lālā). Hiki ke hana ʻia i palupalu a ʻoi aku ka palupalu ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā plasticizers, ʻo ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia he phthalates. Ma kēia ʻano, hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ia i ka plumbing, ka insulation uwea uila, ka ʻili hoʻopunipuni, ka papahele, ka hōʻailona, ​​​​nā moʻolelo phonograph, nā huahana inflatable, a me nā noi he nui kahi e pani ai i ka rubber. Me ka pulupulu a i ʻole ka olonā, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana o ka canvas.

He mea paʻa keʻokeʻo a palupalu ka polyvinyl chloride maʻemaʻe. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka waiʻona akā hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i loko o ka tetrahydrofuran.

Ua hana ʻia ʻo PVC i ka makahiki 1872 e ka mea kemika Kelemania ʻo Eugen Baumann ma hope o ka noiʻi lōʻihi a me ka hoʻokolohua. Ua ʻike ʻia ka polymer ma ke ʻano he mea paʻa keʻokeʻo i loko o kahi ʻōmole vinyl chloride i waiho ʻia ma kahi papa i pale ʻia mai ka lā no ʻehā pule. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ua hoʻāʻo ka mea kemika Lūkini ʻo Ivan Ostromislensky lāua ʻo Fritz Klatte o ka hui kemika Kelemania ʻo Griesheim-Elektron e hoʻohana i ka PVC i nā huahana kalepa, akā ua pale aku nā pilikia i ka hana ʻana i ka polymer paʻa, i kekahi manawa palupalu i kā lākou mau hana. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Waldo Semon lāua ʻo ka BF Goodrich Company i kahi ʻano hana i ka makahiki 1926 e hoʻopili ai i ka PVC ma ka hoʻohui ʻana me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka dibutyl phthalate i ka makahiki 1933.