Mea PVC

ʻO ka Polyvinyl chloride (ʻo ia hoʻi: poly(vinyl chloride), colloquial: polyvinyl, a i ʻole vinyl maʻalahi; i hoʻopau ʻia: PVC) ʻo ia ke kolu o ka honua i hana nui ʻia i ka polymer synthetic o ka plastic (ma hope o ka polyethylene a me ka polypropylene).Ma kahi o 40 miliona tons o PVC e hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

Hele mai ʻo PVC ma nā ʻano kumu ʻelua: ʻoʻoleʻa (i hoʻopau ʻia ʻo RPVC i kekahi manawa) a maʻalahi.Hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano paʻa o PVC i ke kūkulu ʻana no ka paipu a me nā noi profile e like me nā puka a me nā puka makani.Hoʻohana pū ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōmole ʻilika, ʻeke meaʻai ʻole, uhi uhi meaʻai a me nā kāleka plastik (e like me ka panakō a i ʻole kāleka lālā).Hiki ke maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā plasticizers, ʻo ka phthalates ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia.Ma kēia ʻano, hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka paipu, ka uila uila, ka ʻili hoʻohālike, ka papahele, ka hōʻailona, ​​​​nā moʻolelo phonograph, nā huahana inflatable, a me nā noi he nui kahi e pani ai i ka lāʻau.Me ka pulupulu a i ʻole ke olonā, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i ke kāwele.

ʻO ka polyvinyl chloride maʻemaʻe he paʻa keʻokeʻo.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka waiʻona akā hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka tetrahydrofuran.

Ua hana ʻia ʻo PVC i ka makahiki 1872 e ke kemika Kelemania ʻo Eugen Baumann ma hope o ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻokolokolo a me ka hoʻokolohua.Ua ʻike ʻia ka polymer ma ke ʻano he paʻa keʻokeʻo i loko o kahi pahu vinyl chloride i waiho ʻia ma kahi pā i pale ʻia mai ka lā no ʻehā pule.I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Russian chemist ʻo Ivan Ostromislensky lāua ʻo Fritz Klatte o ka hui kemika Kelemania ʻo Griesheim-Elektron e hoʻohana i ka PVC i nā huahana kalepa, akā naʻe nā pilikia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka polymer paʻakikī, i kekahi manawa brittle i kā lākou hana.Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Waldo Semon a me ka Hui BF Goodrich i kahi ʻano hana i ka makahiki 1926 e hoʻopololei i ka PVC ma o ka hui ʻana me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka dibutyl phthalate e 1933.