Nā lā makahiki hou o ʻEulopa

I ka wā o kaRepubalika Romaa me kaEmepera Roma, hoʻomaka nā makahiki ma ka lā i komo mua ai kēlā me kēia kanikela i ke keʻena.ʻO Mei paha kēia ma mua o 222 BC, Malaki 15 mai 222 BC a i 154 BC, a me Ianuali 1 mai 153 BC.I ka makahiki 45 BC, i ka manawaIulio Kaisaramea houKalena JulianUa hoʻoholo ka Senate i ka lā 1 o Ianuali i lā mua o ka makahiki.I kēlā manawa, ʻo ia ka lā i noho ai ka poʻe e paʻa ana i ka ʻoihana kīwila i ko lākou kūlana kūlana, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka lā maʻamau o ka makahiki no ka ʻākoakoa ʻana o ka Senate Roma.Ua hoʻomau ʻia kēia makahiki hou kīwila a puni ka Emepera Roma, hikina a me ke komohana, i kona wā e ola ana a ma hope, ma nā wahi a pau i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka kalena Julian.

Ma ʻEnelani, ʻo ka Angle, Saxon, a me Viking invasions o ka ʻelima a hiki i ka ʻumi mau kenekulia i hoʻihoʻi i ka ʻāina i ka mōʻaukala mua no kekahi manawa.ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻokomo hou ʻana o ka hoʻomana Kalikiano i lawe mai i ka kalena Julian me ia, ua hoʻohana mua ʻia i ka lawelawe ʻana o ka hale pule.Ma hopeWilliam ka Na'i AupuniUa lilo ʻo ia i mōʻī i ka makahiki 1066, ua kauoha ʻo ia e hoʻokumu hou ʻia ʻo Ianuali 1 ma ke ʻano he Makahiki Hou e like me kona poni ʻia.Mai ka makahiki 1155 mai, ua hui pū ʻo ʻEnelani a me ʻEkolani i ka hapa nui o ʻEulopa e hoʻolauleʻa i ka Makahiki Hou ma Malaki 25, e hui pū ana me ke koena o ka Kalikiano.

I kaKauwaenama Europa he mau la ahaaina nui ma kakalena ekalesiao ka Ekalesia Katolika Roma i hele mai e like me kaka hoomaka ana o ka makahiki Julian:

In Modern Style or Circumcision Style dating, ua hoʻomaka ka makahiki hou ma Ianuali 1, kaAhaaina o ke okipoepoe ana o Kristo.

Ma ka Annunciation Style a i ʻole Lady Day Style e pili ana i ka makahiki hou i hoʻomaka ma Malaki 25, ka ʻahaʻaina o kaHoolaha(kapa inoa kahikoLā Lede).Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia lā ma nā wahi he nui o ʻEulopa i ka wā o ka Middle Ages a ma waho.

Sekotiaua hoʻololi ʻia i ka Modern Style hou makahiki hou ma Ianuali 1, 1600, na ke Kauoha a ka MōʻīAha Kukamalui ka lā 17 o Dekemaba, 1599. ʻOiai ka hui ʻana o nā lei aliʻi ʻo Sekotia a me ʻEnelani me ke komo ʻana o King James VI a me I i ka makahiki 1603, a ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o nā aupuni ponoʻī i ka makahiki 1707, ua hoʻomau ʻo ʻEnelani i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lā Malaki 25 a hiki i ka hala ʻana o ka Hale Ahaolelo.Kalena (Kaila Hou) Kanawai o 1750.Na kēia hana i hoʻololi i ka Great Britain a pau e hoʻohana i ka kalena Gregorian a i ka manawa like i hoʻololi hou i ka makahiki hou kīwila a hiki i Ianuali 1 (e like me ma Scotland).Ua hoʻomaka ia i ka lā 3 Kepakemapa (Kahiko Kahikoaiʻole 14 Kepakemapa New Style) 1752.

I ka Easter Style ka launa pū ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ka makahiki houPoaono Hemolele(ka lā ma muaPakoa), a i kekahi manawa maPōʻalima maikaʻi.Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ma ʻEulopa a pau, akā ma Farani, mai ka ʻumikūmākahi a hiki i ke kenekulia ʻumikumamāono.ʻO kahi pōʻino o kēia ʻōnaehana no ka mea ʻo ka Easter aʻahaʻaina hoʻoneʻehiki i ka lā hoʻokahi ke hana ʻelua i ka makahiki;Ua ʻike ʻia nā hanana ʻelua e like me "ma mua o ka Easter" a "ma hope o ka Easter".

I ke Kaila Kalikimaka a i ʻole ke ʻano hānau hānau e hoʻomaka ana ka makahiki hou ma ka lā 25 o Dekemaba. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ma Kelemānia a me ʻEnelani a hiki i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmākahi,[18]a ma Sepania mai ka makahiki umikumamaha a i ke Keneturia umikumamaono.

Equinox hemaʻO ka lā (maʻamau ʻo Kepakemapa 22) ʻo ia ka "La Makahiki Hou" ma kaKalena Repubalika Farani, i hoʻohana ʻia mai 1793 a 1805. ʻO primidi Vendémiaire kēia, ka lā mua o ka mahina mua.